Table 1

Plaque-RADS categories and their imaging findings [37]."

Table 2

Key plaque features evaluated by ultrasound [37]"

Figure 1

The ultrasound images of a 67-years old male patient with right internal carotid artery (ICA) severe (70-99%) stenosis before and after carotid artery stenting. (A). The 2-D image showed there was a heterogenous plaque at the bulb site of right ICA; (B). The CDFI image showed the local stenosis of ICA with a residual diameter was 1.2 mm; (C). The spectral waveform showed the peak systolic velocity (PSV) at the stenosis site was 514 cm/s and the end diastolic velocity (EDV) was 217 cm/s; (D). The spectral waveform of the distal ICA showed the PSV and EDV were 85.9 cm/s and 37.6 cm/s respectively; (E). The 2-D image of ICA stent with a length of stent 49.3 mm and the diameter of proximal, mid and distal of stent were 5.4 mm, 3.3 mm and 3.5 mm; (F). The CDFI image of the stent showed the blood flow within the stent was sufficient; (G). The spectral waveform showed the PSV and EDV within the stent were 92.5 cm/s and 38.8 cm/s; (H). The spectral waveform showed the PSV and EDV at the distal of ICA were 128 cm/s and 47.2 cm/s."

Figure 2

A schematic diagram of application of carotid ultrasound and transcranial color-coded Sonography/transcranial Doppler in carotid artery revascularization."