Heart transplantation (HT) is a definitive treatment for end-stage heart failure, significantly improving both the quality of life and survival rates of HT recipients (HTx). Speckle tracking echocardiography (STE), a key non-invasive diagnostic method, has become indispensable for providing an in-depth analysis of myocardial mechanics and function. This review focuses on the clinical utility of STE in both pre- and post-transplant settings. The ability of STE to identify subtle cardiac abnormalities and predict post-transplant outcomes underscores its critical role in the clinical management of HTx.

Stroke significantly impacts national health due to its high incidence, disability, mortality, and recurrence rates, resulting in a substantial economic burden. Risk prediction models for ischemic stroke help identify high-risk populations for early prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Various risk-scoring models have been developed for primary and secondary prevention of ischemic stroke, estimating the probability of cardiovascular events over a specified timeframe based on the presence of known risk factors. However, these risk-scoring models often lack precision for cardiovascular disease risk assessments across diverse baseline risk conditions. Integrating image-based biomarkers into existing risk-prediction models may enhance risk stratification accuracy. This review presents the most used models for ischemic stroke prediction and underscores the clinical utility of biomarkers in the management of ischemic stroke.

The incidence rate of follicular thyroid carcinoma ranks second among thyroid malignancies. Compared to papillary thyroid carcinoma, it has higher rates of recurrence and metastasis, making it a threat to a patient's health. Unfortunately, accurately diagnosing follicular tumors before surgery remains an unresolved issue, as this type of disease is a gray area of fine-needle aspiration biopsy and can be challenging to differentiate clinically from benign thyroid follicular tumors. There are many studies have focused on the preoperative diagnosis of follicular tumors, and much progress has been made. However, according to current research, postoperative biopsies are still the only definitive ways to diagnose follicular thyroid carcinoma, providing evidence of capsule and vascular infiltration. We must emphasize the importance of early detection and diagnosis of follicular thyroid carcinoma to ensure effective treatment and recovery. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the literature on follicular thyroid carcinoma, including its epidemiology, clinical features, imaging diagnosis, genetic and molecular testing of thyroid follicular carcinoma, and a detailed description of the preoperative diagnosis of follicular thyroid carcinoma. We urge medical professionals to use this information to improve their understanding of this disease and enhance their ability to accurately diagnose and treat it.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) stands as a prevalent chronic autoimmune condition globally. Although conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) offer relief from systemic inflammation, they frequently entail undesirable side effects. Phototherapy, encompassing both photodynamic therapy (PDT) and sonodynamic therapy (SDT), employs light and low-frequency ultrasound irradiation to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby inducing apoptosis in RA inflammatory cells and reducing cytokine expression. This approach presents a promising alternative for RA management. Recently, a range of nanomaterials that induce PDT or SDT have been developed, yielding promising outcomes in arthritis suppression. This review outlines the latest advancements in PDT/SDT-based nanomedicine for RA treatment.

Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is a functional optical imaging modality that utilizes ultrasound as a medium. Owing to its high contrast in optical imaging and deep tissue penetration capabilities inherent in ultrasound, PAI can generate images that integrate both structural and functional information. It has emerged as a novel medical imaging tool, with ongoing research continually expanding its applications within the medical field. The integration of photoacoustic imaging with other modalities to create multimodal imaging systems allows for the synergistic advantages of various technologies, thereby providing more comprehensive diagnostic information. PAI facilitates early and precise diagnosis as well as treatment monitoring for diverse conditions such as tumors, inflammation, and skeletal muscle injuries through real-time quantitative analysis of deoxyhemoglobin levels and molecular markers. This article elucidates the principles of PAI, its various modes of operation, and clinical applications while also anticipating future developmental prospects.

Infectious complications are common postoperative issues after thermal ablation of liver tumors, including liver abscess, biliary tract infection, sepsis, which can significantly impact patient prognosis. Common pathogens associated with these infections include Escherichia coli, Enterococcus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus. Diagnosing infectious complications after ablation requires an integrated approach, combining clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, and imaging examinations. Notably, specific imaging findings may help identify liver abscess, biliary tract infection and infection secondary to gastrointestinal perforation. Risk factors for post-ablation infection include a history of biliary interventions or dysfunction of the sphincter of Oddi, prior arterial chemoembolization or transarterial radioembolization, and ablation performed at anatomically challenging sites. For high-risk patients, appropriate preventive measures should be implemented. Treatment typically involves antibiotics and catheter drainage, with commonly used antibiotics including penicillins, cephalosporins, quinolones, metronidazole. Understanding the diagnosis, risk factors, prevention, and treatment strategies for post-ablation infections is critical for optimizing patient outcomes. This review aims to summarize the current literature on infections after thermal ablation of liver tumors, detailing the common infection sites, pathogens, diagnostic approaches, prevention strategies, and treatment methods. Additionally, it explores the potential mechanisms underlying infection development after ablation.

Cervical cancer is a common gynecologic malignancy worldwide, ranking fourth for both incidence and mortality. Imaging and pathology assessments are incorporated in the revised 2018 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics staging system for cervical cancer. The use of imaging techniques for pre-operative evaluation of cervical cancer has been increasing. Among imaging modalities for evaluating cervical cancer, ultrasound is more easily accessible, faster and more widely available than other options such as computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Advanced technique in ultrasound, such as three-dimension ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound, have improved the clinical application of ultrasound in cervical cancer. Ultrasound may provide highly accurate information on detecting tumor presence and assessing local extent if performed by well-trained sonographers, as the experience level of readers is also critical for correct pre-operative staging and evaluation of treatment response. In the future, ultrasound imaging with the assistance of artificial intelligence will play an even greater role in management. This review aims to present the most updated applications of ultrasound in the pre-operative evaluation of cervical cancer.